It can affect people of any age, although it's most common between the ages of 30 and 50. It's also more common in women than men.Įarly-stage symptoms of Addison’s disease are similar to other more common health conditions, such as depression or flu. You may experience: In Addison's disease, the adrenal gland is damaged, and not enough cortisol and aldosterone are produced.Ībout 8,400 people in the UK have Addison's disease. They produce essential hormones: cortisol, aldosterone and adrenaline. The adrenal glands are two small glands that sit on top of the kidneys. Finally, emerging results suggest the possibility that disrupted interactions between the two systems contribute to explain metabolic variability, for example, fuel efficiency, energy expenditure, and lipolytic responses.Addison’s disease (also known as primary adrenal insufficiency or hypoadrenalism) is a rare disorder of the adrenal glands. Exaggerated responses to catecholamines dominate the manifestations of thyrotoxicosis, while hypothyroidism is characterized by a narrowing of adaptive responses (e.g., thermogenic, cardiovascular, and lipolytic). In pathological states, where one of the systems is fixed at a high or a low level, coordination is lost with disruption of the physiology and development of symptoms. Conversely, in states of emergency where energy demand should be reduced, such as disease and starvation, both systems are turned down. Such interactions are of great adaptive value in cold adaptation and in states needing high-energy output. Catecholamines can in turn activate TH in a tissue-specific manner, most notably in brown adipose tissue.
An important part of this new function is mediated through coordinated and, most of the time, synergistic interactions with the sympathoadrenal system. With the advent of homeothermy, TH acquired a new role, which is to stimulate thermogenic mechanisms and synergize with the sympathoadrenal system to produce heat and maintain body temperature.
Both systems are evolutionary old and regulate independent functions, playing probably independent roles in poikilothermic species. The sympathoadrenal system, including the sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal medulla, interacts with thyroid hormone (TH) at various levels.
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